The Start of America The Story of Us - 575 Words

Today America is one of the wealthiest, strongest, and hardworking countries in the world. It has population of over three hundred million and growth rate of 0.97% annually. America as a nation is known to have done many great contributions to the world such as: the idea of presidency, inventing telephone, discovering electricity, inventing planes, the first nation to put a man on moon, and many more. America has grown and multiplied over time and it is still increasing. Even though today America stands out apart from other countries, it was built from nothing but scrap. It all started when a crew of one-hundred two people abandoned their homeland in search for freedom. After a long and hazardous journey, the pilgrims finally made it to land. Before landing the heads of the pilgrim families and heads of the non-pilgrim families made a compact to secure the peace between both of them. Today, the compact is known as â€Å"The Mayflower Compact†. They took their first step on an unknown vast land hoping to build a greater future, a future with freedom as virtue. Not everything went as the pilgrims thought it would go, more than half the settlers died from a contagious disease that almost swept the new colony. They were unfamiliar with the agriculture, so they could not harvest healthy vegetation. Their food supply was running low. Now, all they had was hope, hope to survive to live a free life and spread the gospel of kingdom of Christ. To survive, they had to make peace treatyShow MoreRelatedEng 2001040 Words   |  5 Pagescountry or developing country. Poverty both influence developed country, America and developing country, Mexico. In The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-time Indian and The Devil’s Highway, they both facing the poverty issue. Sherman Alexie is telling us about the Indian American living in a hard life and Luis Alberto Urrea is telling us about the poor Mexican people migrating to United States for gaining wealth. Both of the two stories meets the same problem which is poverty forcing them to make changeRead MoreAnalysis Of Ralph Ellison s Battle Royal 990 Words   |  4 Pagesand throughout out this short story Ellison tells a great story about a nameless boy. The story starts off with the narrator speaking about the life of his grandfather, and how he led people to freedom after the Civil War because he thought they were spate but equal. He tells us that later his grandfather lived a meek and quite life after he was freed. Now, the narrator lives a life just like his grandfather, submissive to the white population. Then, the narrator tells us about his high school speechRead More Tortilla Curtain Essay880 Words   |  4 PagesJack Jardine is a very interesting character in the story Tortilla Curtain. 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As Tan grows upRead MoreOnly One View in a Story641 Words   |  3 Pages†(Chimamanda Ngozi) That is the danger of a singles story, it makes equal humanity difficult to recognize and it emphasizes people’s differences instead of their similarities. A single story is an incomplete recollection of information. â€Å"Power is the ability not just to tell the story of another person, but to make it the definitive story of that person.†(Ngozi) In relation to US history, a single story is all many people have heard, like Ngozi states â€Å"Start the story with the arrows of the Native AmericansRead MoreBeginning Your Search for Your Family Tree697 Words   |  3 Pagestheir lives, had great curiosity about family members who came before them and whom they never met. Many of us have a vague notion that we come from immigrants to America who were fleeing a famine in Ireland or war in Europe or Central America, or political persecution in other parts of the world. 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Impact of Internet on Children - 1786 Words

THE IMPACT OF INTERNET USE ON CHILDREN/ADOLESCENTS By Miss Kaleyvani Geeseeny Sawmy Clinical Psychologist Children’s motives ï‚ ¨ Few studies have been conducted – that can explain people’s motives for using internet. Research suggest that children use media for entertainment and relaxation purposes (to relieve boredom, to play games, or for social interaction) however little is known about what really motivate children to use Internet. ï‚ ¨ Adolescents’ motives ï‚ ¨ Use the Internet more for social interaction Social identity, peer interactions, and relationships become increasingly important - thus, it is likely that they become more interested in the Internet for communication purposes, such as e-mail or chat As they mature,†¦show more content†¦Internet addiction, like any other addiction, has signs and symptoms. Signs of an addicted person: ï‚ ¤ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¤ ï‚ ¤ they deprive themselves of sleep in order to spend more time on-line neglect other important activities such as work, family and friends, or socializing in general to surf the Internet. losing track of time while on-line, or people close to you complain about the amount of time spent on-line, logging on while already busy with something else (work, family time, etc.)(Cochran, 1996) Internet Addiction Disorder ï‚ ¨ Internet addiction disorder refers to the problematic use of the Internet, including the various aspects of its technology, such as electronic mail (e-mail) and the World Wide Web. Internet addiction disorder is not listed in the mental health professionals handbook, the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , fourth edition, text revision (2000), which is also called the DSM. Internet addiction has, however, been formally recognized as a disorder by the American Psychological Association. ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ ï‚ ¨ According to Dr. Kimberly S. Young, assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh at Bradford, the vulnerables are those who are lonely, bored, depressed, introverted, lack self esteem, or have a history of addictions. Studies show that Overuse of the Internet can genuinely restrain teenagers experiences in life, their performance academically, overall happiness, andShow MoreRelatedThe Internet Impact On Children And Teenagers1380 Words   |  6 PagesThe Internet Impact For most children and teenagers, are open to the Internet. People have different opinions about it. Older adults grew up without electronics, but nowadays all kids have electronics. Depending on which electronics the kids have, it changes how the kids learn. If it’s a smart calculator or if it is just a game. 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Critically Analyze The Leadership Style †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Critically Analyze The Leadership Style. Answer: Introduction Organizational success depends on the type of the leadership style and approaches portrayed on the followers (Chapparamani, 2012). Leadership is definable as the practical and social skills that encompass the capability of an individual to offer guidance to people who voluntarily participate in certain activities of an organization. All the leadership approaches and theories, according to the path-goal theory developed by Robert House in 1971 poses different types of behaviors on the leaders (Ahrens et at., 2015). These leaders behaviors, either directly or indirectly influence the participation, satisfaction, motivation and the overall performance of the followers. The theory identifies the following; achievement-oriented, participative, supportive and directive as the leadership approaches that are more influenceable to a successful organization as leaders are flexible and ready to change their styles depending on the situation (Owen, 2015) Leadership theories and approaches acquir ed by the leaders are always essential to every organization that they lead and they are always differing according to the situation. The article, therefore, looks at leadership styles and approaches of three different Chief Executive officers in Australia, those are; Gillon McLachlan, Kate Carnell and Munny Stul. The article exploits the effects of each of the leadership approaches and theories on the work related environment, the biography of each leader, the overall behavior of employees, and conceptualization of their success, organizational issues, and recommendations on how to combat such problems. Justifications of the choices of the Chief Executive Gillon McLachlan is an Australian, born in 1973 and currently the Chief Executive Officer of Australia Football League in 2014. After the university education, Gillon worked as themanagement consultant with the Accenture and then worked as a strategy consultant in 2000 with the AFL (Hopkins, 2011). In 2003, Gillon got an appointment to be the General Manager of the Commercial Operations of which later in 2008 became the Chief Operating Officer. In 2012, Gillon got an appointment as the Deputy Chief Executive Officer during which played a significant role in delivering stadiums for both the GWS Giants and Gold Coast Suns. In 2014, got an appointment as the Chief Executive Officer of the AFL replacing Andrew Demetriou. Biography and leadership style of Kate Carnell Kate Carnell born in 1955 is an Australian businesswoman and also an advocate for the small business owner a former Liberal Party politician who was a Chief Minister of the Australian Capital Territory (Haber-Curran Sulpizio, 2017). After the graduation from the University of Queensland with a degree in Pharmacy, Kate served as the inaugural chair of the ACT Branch of the Australian Pharmacy Guild between 1988 and 1994 then as the Vice-President of the guild from 1990 to 1994. Along with that, Kate served in various positions such as the chairman of the Southern Pharmacists Company limited between 1982 to 1992. Vice President of the Retail industry and Training Council, ACT between 1987 to 1991, Member of ACT Board of Health between 1990 to 1991 and Member of the Pharmacy Restructuring Authority 1990 to 1991. Kate became the leader of the opposition in 1993 after being elected to the second ACT Legislative Assembly in 1992. In 1995 being the only woman. Kate became the Chief Ministe r in the minority government after the Liberal Party wins of seven seats out of seventeen. Biography and leadership styles of Manny Stul Manny Stul is an Australian born in 1948, is married to Jacqui Tobia with three children. Stul rebelled with his parents ideas of becoming a lawyer and later dropped from school, worked as a bank teller before venturing into other business and currently is the Chief Executive Officer of the Moose Toys to Polish parents who both survived from Holocaust .Moose Toys is a renowned shopkins and mighty beanz collectible plastic toys that take inspiration from everyday grocery and departmental stores. At the age of 67, Stul became the first Australian to win the Ernst and Young World Entrepreneur of the Year, in 2016.Manny Stul development is based on the believe that innovation is always the key to successful business, by doing things differently in the market. The innovativeness is always achieved a leader, surrounding himself with great people who can generate ideas, by having the right employees at the right tasks..At tender age, Manny began working at a construction site so as to colle ct capital, and later ventured into business of selling cutlery. The cutleries set were of Scandinavian design that attracted Manny because of its simplicity and cleanliness. That led to Manny importing the homeware, and then ventured into belly bottom brush and organic farm that did not go well, ended up with Moose Toys. The Moose Toys commands the toys market over Mattel and Lego Toys Company since they can create their intellectual property without having the pressure of following the pressure of the existing trend, hence the uniqueness of the products. That innovativeness led the company to be named the toy company of the year in 2007, winning awards. Manny believes that remaining discipline in thought and action has always treated the employees with honesty and integrity, thereby creating a good relationship among the workforce. The motivated employees, therefore, tend to work harder and smarter. Staying disciplined, transparent and of high integrity throughout the process, hel ps in averting disasters and maintain a closer relationship with the retailers and distributors. Manny also takes close follow up continuous technological changes that affect the companys production. Critical perspective, comparison and contrast each leader Kate believes in the Es- Enthusiasm, Engagement, Ethics, and Entrepreneurialism as a capacity to inspire and bring others to their best. From the former positions as the Chief Minister, Kate understands well the role of engagement as a critical aspect of an individual choosing from things that they are passionate about. She has pushed for various changes in the workplace like having communication skills, long working hours, lack of control since they all make the people have difficulty in maintaining a healthy work-life balance. As a result of the political career, Kate has become a serious driving force behind Transact Communications through economic development contributions, support to business sectors, knowledge and technological advances to the medical profession. Manny Stul is a situational leader who can show practical leadership skills depending on the situations that arise. A situational approach is a leadership approach that determines the methods that are most useful in certain circumstances (Lutz et al., 2013). The situational leadership approach helped Manny to bring up the company when it was on the verge of collapsing after Moose Toys used a chemical that was switched by a Chinese material distributor without Mannys knowledge. A disaster later struck during Melbourne Cup in 2007, when a child swallowed a Bindeez bead manufactured with the material from the Chinese company hospitalized (Scott, 2010). A laboratory test that was done by Sydney biochemical genetics discovered a link between the sickness and the ingestion, whereby the ingested bead releases date rape chemicals. The incident led the global health authorities to place a ban on the products as the Moose distributors were facing many legal cases. Litigation of the products an d the brand name made Stul fear of failing again and showed the leadership skills by strategizing a comeback by admitted all the wrongdoings and presented each creditor with a comprehensive recovery plan at the same time striking deals with over 30 distributors. Kate Carnell poses different kinds of leadership styles that have positive impacts on the effectiveness of the subordinates. These are autocratic and democratic. Autocratic Leadership mainly focuses on the power given to an individual allowing them to make all the decisions on their own later communicating them to the subordinates who follow the instructions (Bhatti et al., 2012). The style is evident on Kate during her political life as the Chief Minister; she was responsible for making orders for the employee in the ministry to follow. A one-way communication system characterizes the approach. Democratic leadership mainly focuses on including the subordinates in every stage of decision-making process even though the final decision lies upon the leader (Clarke, 2011). Unlike the autocratic Leadership, the communication is both downward and upward. Team leadership entails the creation of a clear picture of its future, what it stands for and where it is heading to hence the clear visi on provides a strong sense of the organizations objective. Kate also poses the type of leadership whereby she believes in the Es of the management, that are Enthusiasm, Engagement, Ethics, Entrepreneurialism. The style is evident on how she is capable of managing her business enterprises. The advantage is that subordinates are more likely to work effectively for managers who adopt a certain style of leadership than others. Gillon McLachlan is seen to have both the transactional and transformational leadership skills. These are approaches that cover two levels of leadership: Transactional is whereby the self-interest of followers is focused on to achieve organizational goals while the decisions lie with the leader on the other hand. The approach is evident in the football coaching whereby the leader gives the players to chose on which position in the field they can easily play to their best Transformational approach is viewable as an extension of the transactional leadership approach.The transformational approach goes to further step of creating a performance transforming organizational vision that appeals to the higher ideals and the values of the organizations people to make it happen. Followers get motivated by more than just their self-interest, and they are motivated to give more effort than what transactional leadership alone can achieve. Through, this approach, the leader who is the coach, trains the players to make the individual gain and eventually play their best during the competition to give the team a win. In the end, both the team and the player get the credit. Gillon has been the key driver that saw the creation of the AFL media that based on the simple premise that League ought to have ownership and grow the intellectual property behind its publishing instead of being done by other business enterprises Gillons greatest achievement oversaw a complicated deal with the Government of the Queensland to rebuild the Old Stadium of the Gold Coast to a new named Metricon Stadium. According to the Gillon colleagues; he is a plain-speaking deal maker that can see a bigger picture immediately. Gillon McLachan is the current Chief Executive Officer of the Australia Football League, who held and made tremendous achievements before being appointed for the position. Munny Stul is the Moose Toys Chief Executive Officer, that is the best in Australia, after making several business adventures that all failed. Conceptualization of the three leadership approaches Conceptualization leadership is definable as the process of contriving an idea and formulating it mentally that later get transferred into the followers It does not occur in a vacuum as leaders always invite the owner to assist in shaping the vision to meet the organizational goal rather than the individual goal. The leaders through conceptualization never keep their dreams to their selves but share the thoughts with others to have a common narrative among the colleagues. The above leaders draw their success from conceptualization leadership as follows; Leadership conceptualization process is influenced by the motivational relevancies therefore viewed with the connection of various inputs contracted from some perspectives and in consideration of the socially constructed programs to cause influence relationship. Gillon McLachlan conceptualizes success in the leadership style from the skills and knowledge gained as a former footballer and a coach of some teams, insist that for success coaching, the levels of satisfaction is a primary determinant of whether people are willing or ready to follow you as the leader . A coach who is more than an administrator and a parent are more likely to influence the quality of the football environment, and the results of each game played no matter whatever level. The coachs controlling aspects are capable of not only changing the players football experience but also any other life elements. Gillon embraced the group learning where participants who are players are encouraged to ask questions, criticize and share experiences with others, unlike other coaches that will always read, attend workshops, watch and give instruction to players. Manny Stul conceptualizes success in the leadership skills such as being disciplined and honest to all the stakeholders of the Moose Toys who took all the advises and encouragement when the company was almost getting a ban. Manny Stul took responsibility for all the shortcomings and discussed the issue with all the creditors and distributors in an open manner. The strategy ensured continuous trust among them. Manny Stul also showed the subordinates the way to go a crisis strike, through standing strong and convincing the global health authorities of the reviewed safety of the companys products. As a result, all the bans got lifted, and the company rose back to its feet to be the best in Australia. Through innovativeness and experimental, Manny Stul was able to settle on the Moose Toys after giving a try to different business such as organic farm and homeware. Manny was able to transform and restructure the company from the original status it was acquired to the current situation. Kate Carnell conceptualizes the leadership through quite some aspects. She is good in communication and convincing people that led her to be a politician and the first woman to be the Chief Minister of Australia. Through her skills, she was able to lead some health and parliamentary positions leading them to successful missions. Organizational issues are always brought about through the constant interaction between people and technology about the designing, implementation, safe disposal, and usage of health information system. It addresses on how such system changes people, on how people should respond to those changes to improve the individual and population health. Possible organizational issues in the Moose toys are low raw material and consensus among the team members. Resources are the core of every organization, and inadequacy of it may derail the internal performance and the external relationship with the distributors. The lack of the raw material may lead to a little amount of production or low-quality production. Moose Toys depends on the importation of raw material from China. The importation does not guarantee constant operation of the company, since the supplier in China, might fail to send the raw material. Other critical issues, such as having substandard products or chemically added materials, which eventually affect the users health wise. To address such issues, Moose Toys should find a better way of creating its source of raw material that will see a continuous safe production of items. The inadequacy of consensus at times of the problems may lead to the dysfunctionality of the organization, like when the company was almost shutting down due to the legal cases. Therefore the team members are always required to share and discuss the problems to have c common understanding. During those situations, there is always reduced cohesion among the team members as many leaders always opt to bear the responsibility alone. When the leader does not involve the team members in the problem-solving process, they tend to lose the sense of belonging to the organization. During such cases, the leaders are expected to bring close all the participants and make them understand the organizational problem, then to give them an opportunity to share their views on how it can b tackled. Recommendations Over the decades, numerous leadership theories have been developed making no single theory as the best way of management .The most widespread are Great Man Theory, Trait Theory, Transactional Theory, Transformational Theory and Behavioural Theory. The Great Man Theory assumes that leadership traits such as intelligence, responsibility, and creativity are intrinsic which means that great leaders are born.The behavioral theory mainly focuses on the behaviors of leaders rather than the mental, physical or social characteristics. The method divides leaders into two categories; those that are concerned with the tasks and those that are involved with people. The contingency theory states that there is no single way of leading and that leadership styles are determinable by the different types of situations, where some people can perform to the maximum and the minimum when the elements are removable. Transactional leadership theory is characterizable by a positive mutual transaction that exists between the leader and the followers .For the success of the transactional approach, the leader must have the motivational value to create an interactive reinforcing environment among the members. The theory states that humans are always seeking to maximize their pleasurable experiences and diminish the un-pleasurable ones, therefore will always associate with individuals that add value and strengths to their lives. Conclusion Most of the successful leaders have almost same styles and approaches, as this is well derivable from the three discussed leaders above; Kate Carnell, Gillon McLachlan, and Manny Stul. According to the leadership theories such as transformational which sees the development of both the employee and the organization as with the Gillon McLachlan in AFL leadership? The situational and contingency leadership approach that was administered by Manny Stul during the legal cases against the Moose Toys helped the raising of the company from the verge of failing. While Kate Carnell showed many different approaches such as behavioral and democratic methods that enable her to work successfully in various capacities both the public and the political positions. When all this methods and theories applied correlatively, then an organization and the employees are bound to have tremendous development. References Ahrens, Cox, Burris, Dykes. (2015). Perceived Leadership Life Skills Developed Through Participation at the Arkansas FFA Leadership Conference: A Program Evaluation. Journal Of Leadership Education, 13(3). https://dx.doi.org/10.12806/v14/i1/r8 Bhatti, N., Maitlo, G., Shaikh, N., Hashmi, M., Shaikh, F. (2012). The Impact of Autocratic and Democratic Leadership Style on Job Satisfaction. International Business Research, 5(2). https://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n2p192 Chapparamani, D. (2012). Leadership Approaches. Global Journal For Research Analysis, 3(2), 141-142. https://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778160/february2014/45 Clarke, M. (2011). Organizational democracy, ethics and leadership: The mediating role of organizational politics. Leadership, 7(4), 415-433. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715011416886 Haber-Curran, P., Sulpizio, L. (2017). Student Leadership Development for Girls and Young Women. New Directions For Student Leadership, 2017(154), 33-46. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.20238 Lutz Allen, S., Smith, J., Da Silva, N. (2013). Leadership Style in Relation to Organizational Change and Organizational Creativity: Perceptions from Nonprofit Organizational Members. Nonprofit Management And Leadership, 24(1), 23-42. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nml.21078 Owen, J. (2015). Integrative and Interdisciplinary Approaches to Leadership Development. New Directions For Student Leadership, 2015(145), 49-58. https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/yd.20123 Scott, A., Dansey, R., Hamill, J. (2010). Dangerous toys. ANZ Journal Of Surgery, 81(3), 172-175. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-2197.2010.05484.x

Moral Accountability Essays - Social Philosophy, Philosophy Of Life

Moral Accountability Morality depends on the ability of an individual to choose between good and evil, thus, entailing freedom of the will and the moral responsibility of the individual for his actions. It is obvious this is so for the individual, but what about groups and governments? Do they have the ability to choose between good and evil, do they have free will and therefore are they subject to the same paradigms of morality as the individual or does an autonomous morality apply. What if we relate this concept of morality to a present day moral dilemma? Such as should the United States government fire cruise missiles at Serbian cities in order to force the government of Serbia to comply with NATO demands of withdrawal from Kosovo? What moral questions should be asked? Further yet, as we are members of a representative democracy, do the citizens bear any of the responsibility of the government's actions? Am I responsible for the government I choose? Being that it is the actions of a governments we wish to question the morality of, we must know what the present justification for or against the launch of cruise missiles at Serbia and what the consequences of that decision would be. It can be conjectured that the "official rational" of the United States government in its decision to use cruise missiles on Serbia is based on cost/benefit analysis of what would be in the best interest of the nation and the world?a utilitarian morality. The Serbian government has invaded and seeks to undermine the sovereignty of Kosovo while using genocidal tactics to control the population. The US is acting on what it believes to be the greatest good for the greatest number. But who is the government to place a market value on human life? Is it moral and does the government have the right to place such a value on human life? And who is responsible for their decision? The official utilitarian rationale of the United States government does place a market value on human life Kant writes: "Now morality is the condition under which alone a rational being can be an end in himself, for only thereby can he be a legislating member in the kingdom of ends", survival of the individual in a group is the end. If we are to treat men otherwise, as a means to an end, we must make that a categorical imperative and we must treat it as if that action will be a universal law of nature laws to live by). Hence, to do harm to others, to place a market value on man, would be immoral since it would harm humanity. Likewise, it is immoral for the United States to sacrifice ten thousand lives in hope of saving more. It must be asked "what if everyone sacrificed ten thousand lives?". According to Kant's theory of the Universal law, "We must be able to will that a maxim of our action become universal law, this is the canon for morally estimating any of our actions" (Kant). Perhaps it is a touch ironic that the very document the US was founded on reads: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created equal; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." This, like Kant's moral philosophy of "universal maxims," proclaims that man has intrinsic absolute value. Yet, so quickly are we ready to disregard this declaration as our cost benefit analysis dictates. Slavery was abolished on the principle of the absolute value of man. Why should we disregard this now? Do we suspend the unalienable rights to life whenever it would be most prudent? The United States must ask itself whether it wishes to make a maxim of placing value on human life. It must be remembered that by lowering the value of life of others, we at the same time lower our own value. Governments and institutions are composed of a completely different dynamic than that of the individual. This leaves man curious as to whether to obey the same set of morals. These moral issues lead to the question of whether or not a man is responsible for what his government does. I am inclined to believe that either philosopher would not think that the individual is fully responsible for the actions of his government so long as they do not participate in the government's decision-making process. It is possible to argue that, if all individuals

Kenneth MacKinnons Masculinity in the Movies

Introduction Masculinity power dominated the movie industry during the late 20th century. The movie industry used masculinity to depict heroism since many film stars such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Bruce Willis, and many others were male. â€Å"The stress in these movies on physical size, strength, and the ability to use violence effectively suggested that masculine identity was being linked with the use of the body as an instrument of power and control†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Mackinnon 290).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kenneth MacKinnon‘s ‘Masculinity in the Movies’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The dominance of male stars in the movies and depiction of heroism from a masculine perspective has shaped perception of masculinity in the Western culture. To prop his argument, Kenneth Mackinnon analyzed movie genres, specific movies, and the film stars that provide vast evidences, which support the diversity of masculinity images that have shaped masculine identity in the Western culture over a long period. Movie Genres The action movies such as Raiders of the Lost Ark, Terminator, Die Hard, amongst other popular action movies promoted heroism by relying upon physical strength and power of masculinity. Action movies focus on the heroic abilities of the actors while overlooking issues of feminism, romance, marriage, and family. Mackinnon argues that, â€Å"if love for the family and female partners in romance is demonstrated and supported, that sort of love is less emotional engaging than the hero’s feelings for his sidekick† (291). In the action movies, heroic activities are paramount in that, other actions or feminine issues just complement the scope of the movie relative to reality. James Bond and John Rambo’s movies tend to portray that femininity affects masculinity, and thus weakens the status of heroism. When James Bond involved a w oman in his movie, his heroic ability weakened as he sidelined heroic activities and focused on pleasure. John Rambo on the other hand limited his contact with women by staying in isolation to concentrate on the masculine powers that define Western heroism. In war films, male dominance reflects characteristics of competent soldiers with heroic qualities. The armed forces train boys to become soldiers by isolating them from females and making them undergo rigorous training that increases their masculinity to differentiate them from femininity. Typical soldier must focus on acquiring heroic skills and avoid external influences that are distractive. Slasher and Illness movies portray that masculinity is more vulnerable to violence and AIDS respectively as compared to femininity; hence, males experience many cases of death.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sports and comedy movies further illustrate the ideal masculinity in terms of fatherhood. Field of Dreams movie is not simply about baseball, â€Å"it involves a return to ideal fatherhood †¦the currently devalued father must be reclaimed, together with his caring life-giving power if men are to regain their potential† (Mackinnon 296). The New Bad Future movie shifts the idea of masculinity into the use of machines and technology. These movies tend to show masculinity as having the ability to tame and control the universe. Pornographic movies idealize men and present them as erotic objects of heterosexuality. Specific Movies The movie, Born on the Fourth of July by Don Kunz presents masculinity in terms of traditional gendered roles of Vietnamese. The movie illustrates how masculine attitudes permeate cultural, political, and religious spheres thus shaping the domination of masculinity in the society. â€Å"The pre-Vietnam portion indicates the binary oppositions on which traditional masculini ty seems to rest: to win, others must be losers; to live, others must die; to be a man, others must be women or feminized† (Mackinnon 300). The Vietnamese traditions defined the gendered roles that enhanced masculinity and debased femininity. Dead Ringers by David Cronenberg describes hysterical expressions of men in respond to phallic panic while the Crying Game by Neil Jordan describes the identity of masculinity in terms of sex and politics. The Crying Game depicts how the patriarchy demands femininity to be weak to be dependent on strong masculinity, which gives support. Richard Coward in The Full Monty movie presents revolution of masculinity in the view of millennium. The movie describes the reversed roles of masculinity because â€Å"†¦men’s roles, particularly in the context of large-scale male redundancy †¦ have embarked on a new career as strippers for female audiences, and they have learned that their one asset is the ability to sell their bodies ( Mackinnon 301). The movie predicts how independent woman influences gender revolution and threatens masculinity. Ransom by Krin Gabard elevates Western masculinity by illustrating that a hero cannot marry or become a family man because it reduces autonomy that befits heroes. The ability of a man to resist marriage and become independent defines masculinity and heroism in Western culture. Film Stars Warren Betty is a film star who has contradicting gender perceptions. Although he presents qualities of masculinity, he is very much appealing to femininity. His incoherent stand has made him more of feminine than masculine implying that masculinity can have orientations of femininity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Kenneth MacKinnon‘s ‘Masculinity in the Movies’ specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Clink Eastwood is another film star who portrays extra-cinematic masculinity activities. â€Å"Eastwood is often presented in terms of masochistic object, not only suffering pain and humiliation, but also constituting an object of the gaze – his naked walk nearly the length of the penitentiary close to the beginning of Escape from Alcatraz† (Mackinnon 303). Since Eastwood distanced himself from his family, he is depicting an element of heroism in masculinity. Recent film stars still illustrate ideal qualities of masculinity. In the Movie American Psycho, Patrick Bateman is a serial killer, a wandering and homeless dude, with erotic relationship with women who are his victims. â€Å"He has constructed himself out of glossy men’s magazines, regarding himself as an expert in the male fashion, grooming, restaurants and the music† (Mackinnon 308). He represents masculinity perceptions of the Westerners. In the Billy Elliot movie, Jamie Bell did not follow his ambition of becoming a ballet dancer lest he become less masculine or feminized because the loss of masc ulinity relates to homosexuality. His parents discourage him from becoming a ballet dancer, which changes his view of masculinity. This implies that traditional stereotypes of masculinity shape culture. Conclusion Kenneth Mackinnon’s masculinity in the movies’ underscores how masculinity in movies has changed not only the Western culture, but also all cultures around the world. To prove his argument, Mackinnon explored diverse genres of movies, specific movies and the characters of the film stars. Although masculinity dominated during 1960s and 1970s, femininity issues did rise in 1980s that saw emergence of call for gender equality. For many years, masculinity has been dominating movie images but currently, there seems to be an equal depiction of femininity and masculinity in the society. The technological advances have enabled women to perform activities hitherto reserved for men only. Works Cited MacKinnon, Kenneth. â€Å"Introduction to Communication Studies.† Masculinity in the  Movies, (n.d): 289-311. This essay on Kenneth MacKinnon‘s ‘Masculinity in the Movies’ was written and submitted by user Zackary L. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Research Project on Arabic as a Second Language Essay Example

Research Project on Arabic as a Second Language Essay Example Research Project on Arabic as a Second Language Essay Research Project on Arabic as a Second Language Essay Dear Student, I invite you to participate in an important research project that focuses on the on the role of Intercultural Communicative Competence for learners of Arabic as second language. To participate in this survey you must fulfill these criterias: You must be studying at the DLFILC You must be enrolled in the Arabic language program English must be your first language We will need a maximum of 20 minutes to complete the questionnaire and you will be asked to complete a similar questionnaire at the end of the semester. In addition, you are also invited to participate in interviews. We guarantee that your responses will remain confidential. You will not be compensated in monetary terms, but we assure participants that they will be treated respectfully. Your participation is voluntarily and if you do not feel comfortable answering any question in the survey, you may skip it. Your responses, effort, and time are appreciated. For further information contact Name: John Joseph Kawamleh Email id: [emailprotected] By agreeing you agree to abide by all of the above clauses. Do you agree to these terms? Yes No Research Project Questionnaire 1: Age Group 16-18 19-21 22-25 Over 25 2: Gender Male Female 3: Do you consider yourself to be of Arab heritage? Yes No Section 1 The following questions are about your exposure to Arab culture BEFORE enrolling in Arabic at the DLIFLC. 4: What fictional personas or characters from the Arab world were you exposed to? Please list AT LEAST 2 and describe each character in one word (example: villian, hero, etc) Character # 1 Describe: Character # 2 Describe: 5: What kind of underlying messages and ideas did these characters or personas convey about the Arab world? Always Positive Sometimes Positive, Sometimes Negative Always Negative 6: How often do you interact with people of Arab origin? Always Often Sometimes Rarely Never 7: If you previously interacted with people of Arab origin, what kind of relationships did you have with them? You may choose more than one. Friend Coworker Neighbor Family Member Other 8: Have you ever visited or lived in an Arab country? Yes No 9: If you answered YES to the previous question, please indicate for how long in total 2 weeks 2-4 weeks 1- 2 Months 2 -6 Months 6 Months 10: How aware were you about the Arab world? Extremely Moderately Somewhat Slightly Not at all 11: What are some Arabic words you were familiar with before taking Arabic at the DLIFLC? Please list 3 words and specify how you learned about them. Word # 1 I learned this word through: Word # 2 I learned this word through: Word # 3 I learned this word through: 12: What were some cultural ideas and practices unique to the Arab world that you were aware of before enrollment in Arabic at the DLIFLC Please describe two practices or ideas and specify how you learned about them. Description of Practice Idea # 1 I learned about it through: Description of Practice Idea # 2 I learned about it through: 13: What was your main source of exposure to the Arab world? *Please rank each item by writing a number from 1 through 5 in the boxes below. You may only use each number once. 1 = least exposure 5 = most exposure. Family and Friends News channel University/School Newspaper (Print and Electronic) Film and TV Shows 14: How would you describe your overall perception of Arab culture? Positive Negative Neutral Arabic as a Second Language Section 2 Mark the appropriate choice Inaccurate I dont knowAccurate 15: The Arab world has the highest concentration of Muslims in the world. This statement is: 16: A wide array of religious groups and denominations exists in the Arab world. This statement is: 17: Iran is an Arab country. This statement is: 18: Historically, Arab-Islamic civilization has had little to no influence on other civilizations. This statement is: 19: Every native speaker of Arabic grows up speaking Modern Standard Arabic at home. This statement is: 20: All women in the Arab World wear the hijab or headscarf. This statement is: 21: Arab women do not work outside of the home and, therefore, are homemakers. This statement is: 22: All Arab countries have similar economies due to the distribution of natural resources, such as petroleum and natural gas reserves. This statement is: Section 3 Mark your opinion based on the statements below Strongly Disagree Disagree I dont Know Agree Strongly Agree 23: In Arab culture, it is unacceptable for two people to have an intimate physical relationship outside of marriage. 24: Arab societies are more individualistic than American society (i.e. the individual is valued more than the collective). 25: Hospitality is an important value in Arab culture. 26: The use of the word of Allah in some phrases in the Arabic language has a strong Islamic connotation. Section 4 Please rate the degree of similarity for the following given statements 1: not similar at all, 5: almost identical 27: In your opinion, how similar is family life in America and the Arab world? 1 2 3 4 5 28: In your opinion, how similar is behavior in public places in American culture and Arab culture? 1 2 3 4 5 30: In your opinion, how similar are male-female relationships in American culture and Arab culture? 1 2 3 4 5 31: In your opinion, how similar is similar is the status of women in American society and Arab societies? 1 2 3 4 5 32: What are you expecting to learn about Arab culture in your Arabic class this year? Please briefly describe at least 2 things that you hope to learn more about and the reasons behind them

Developing nations' (Brazil) specific challenges and triumphs in the Research Paper

Developing nations' (Brazil) specific challenges and triumphs in the face of rapid economic change and growth - Research Paper Example This paper focuses on Brazil, one of the developing countries, that is growing at a rapid speed and is intensely getting affected by globalization (Schirm, n. d.). Globalization and Economic Expansion: After globalization Brazil is undergoing many of the economic changes. Its net amount of business with the rest of the world has increased significantly after globalization. The country is now experiencing large volume of flows of economic resources (form human capital to natural and physical capital). The volume of trade is significantly increasing overtime (Schirm, n.d.). The close association of economic expansion and globalization is also true in case of Brazil. Due to economic expansion (the effect), after globalization (the cause), Brazil’s economy is experiencing much higher level output as well as much higher rate of growth. Since the level of trade is one of the most important measurements of judging whether an economy is expanding, it can easily be said that over the l ast twenty years Brazil is going through the take-stage. These economic factors are affecting the country’s social and cultural aspects also (Tucker, 2008, p. 408). Both these aspects together are creating rapid economic growth throughout the world and these are significantly affecting the world economies. ... After following a method of import substitution and separation or a considerable period of time Brazil entered the global scenario. Fernando Collor was the first voted president of Brazil in 1960 to initiate an impression of stabilizing currency, lower tariffs and destabilize the public administration via budget cuts. This marked the beginning for Brazil of opening up into the world economy (Fishlow, 2000). Globalization and Brazil: Due to the occurrence of globalization the developing nations, such as Brazil, are experiencing rapid changes in their economic, social and general lives. Brazil’s economy has largely been changed after globalization. Its economy is now hugely dependent upon the world economy. Brazil’s overall income level or GDP is much higher now. This economy is much more open. This openness ensures the high income level. Not only that, the rate of growth of Brazil’s economy is much higher now. The economy is experiencing every bit of the progress of the global economy. The level of trading, i.e. the volume of exports and imports are growing in number. The infrastructural improvements are considered as one of the measurements of impact of globalization, then it can easily be said that this impact has been very positive on Brazil’s economic structure. It is quite clear that like all other developing nations Brazil has properly used the benefits of globalization. It is now a globally recognized economy in terms of the ranges of exports and imports and also in terms of the level of income and the rate of growth of income (Globalization and Emerging Economies, 2009). Economic expansion and Brazil: The financial system of Brazil is budding fast. After liberalization of the economy, it is experiencing significant growth path in terms of

European Court of Justices judgment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

European Court of Justices judgment - Essay Example The complainants presented the issue before the Belgian Constitutional Court in an effort to inspire the annulment of the Belgian law that transposed the directive. It is from this perspective that the Belgian Constitutional Court asked the Court of Justice for appropriate assessment on the validity of the derogation with respect to higher-ranking legal rules, and with reference to the principle of equality of genders enshrined in European Union law (Europe Log, 2011). The directive provided that the Member States had the authority to permit exemptions from the rule of unisex premiums and benefits for as long as they could prove that underlying actuarial and statistical data were reliable, available to the public and regularly updated. Under Belgian insurance law, the insurance contract must have an element of uncertainty. An insurance contract under Article 1A of the Insurance Contract Law, 1992 states:A contract according to which, in return for the payment of a fixed or variable p remium, a party, the insurer, commits itself towards another party, the policyholder, to provide the benefit stipulated in the contract in case an uncertain even emerges, that depending on the circumstances, either the insured or the beneficiary does not wish to emerge.Insurance disputes are brought before any court although the domicile of the policyholder has jurisdiction. Regulation of the Belgian insurance sector is also under Europe's highest court, the ECJ, which issues directives to member countries.

Implementation and communication of a strategic plan Essay

Implementation and communication of a strategic plan - Essay Example ication could improve the effectiveness in the organization through enabling various stakeholders to be apprised of any significant changes in the strategic plan; especially those who would be most affected by the changes. When any transformations in strategies are made and not communicated, those who are expected to carry out the changes would not be able to effectively implement these. As such, the intended goals, which these plans are supposed to achieve, would not be effectively attained. Employees are considered one of the crucial stakeholders of the company. They ensure that the goals of the organization are achieved. Strategies are designed to provide the direction towards accomplishing these goals. As such, it is important for employees to know the strategic plan of a company to enable them to follow the guidelines and directions that would facilitate the achievement of goals (Green, 2011). Otherwise, much resources (time, money and effort) would be wasted if the strategic plan is not appropriately communicated to those who are expected to fulfill the goals of the organization. Green, H. (2011, March 16). Why Engaging Your Employees Is The Answer To Strategic Planning. Retrieved from Forbes:

Physician Reluctance to Engage in Health System Program

Physician Reluctance to Engage in Health System Program The Factors Effecting the Unwillingness of Physicians to participate in the Family Physical Program in Tehran’s Province Health System Abstract Introduction: The present study is an attempt to survey the reasons for the physicians’ reluctance to take part in the family physical program in the Tehran Province health system. Methods: Considering this purpose, the study is an applied work carried out through a correlative method in Tehran’s Province Health System in 2012.(IRAN) The study population was comprised of all the physicians in the Tehran Province health system. Participants were selected through census. A questionnaire was used for data gathering and the data were analyzed using SPSS16. Results: The mean point of economic stage,  work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems in the health centers under study were less than midpoint. Additionally, a statistically significant relationship was found between these problems and the tendency of physicians to take part in the family physician program (P Conclusion: The results indicated a significant relationship between the problems of physicians and their tendency to take part in the family physician program in Tehran. Given the necessity of creating motivation among physicians to take part in the program effectively and willfully, solving the physicians’ problems appears to be effective in motivating the physicians in this regard. Keywords: Family Physician, Referral System, Problems of Family Physicians, Health Centers Introduction Health is one of the principal rights and a valuable capital at every social level [1]. Along the main objective of the national health system, which is to improve public health where the healthy citizens have capability to take part in economic and social activities [2], there are other tasks to be fulfilled by the health system. These tasks include raising hope for a healthy life, responding to reasonable expectations of the public, reducing social gaps (social justice) and providing financial coverage for medical services [1]. It is essential, therefore, to design and adopt a proper model for health services to realize health objectives, maintain/improve health, and improve equal access to health services. In this regard, many have supported the idea of a health system in which all citizens regardless of their living condition and place (even those living in remote areas) have access to adequate specialized health services. Such services are provided by the facilities where experts are trained based on the available resources in the shortest feasible time and for reasonable costs as required by cultural and time constrains [3]. In fact, family physician programs and referral systems are in line with the realization of a primary care health system that actualizes considerable potential resources towards the improvement of the health conditions of the society [4]. The family physician program is a comprehensive health system and among the main achievements of this program are helping people to refer to the right specialist and an increase in the public satisfaction of health services [2]. Additionally, the American Physician Academy believes that the family physician system is the best and most effective way to provide health services for patients [3]. In spite of this, the government of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in cooperation with the Ministry of Welfare and Social Security, Ministry of Health, Treatment, Medical Education, and Health Service Insurance Org. triggered a rural health insurance programs through a referral system based on a family physician program in 2005. This program, considered as one of the main elements of health system development, was aimed to expand the health insurance coverage and to promote equal access to health diagnostic services [5]. In addition to supplying health services required by the public, the family physician program prevents negligence of patients’ right or any abuse of people’s need to health services [1]. Given that the family physician program is a nationwide program and all insurance organizations participate in this program, it is essential to survey the performance of the program regarding implementation, quality, and quantity of the services provided to insured patients. By this survey, the weakness and advantages of the program can be highlighted. Consequently, the family physician program may lead to immense changes in treatment behavior models as well as changes in consumption patterns in this field [6]. Santos and Amado believe that the knowledge of a family physician to provide primary care services leads to a long-term relation between the family and the physician; which is an advantage of the family physician program [7]. In addition, ranking the health services by the referral system gives the people in need access to more specialized services based on their true needs [8]. At first, the referral visits the family physician and, if needed, the physician recommends them to a special practitioner. The special practitioner, then, checks the patients, carries out the required measures, records the measures in the patients’ file, and returns the patients to the family physician [9]. Although, the family physician program is initially aimed to improve public access to health care systems and cuts the unnecessary medical costs, there are evidences that the program is not free of weaknesses [10]. In his study titled â€Å"challenges of family physicians in the world of the 1980s† Donald Rice (1980), studied the status of family physicians and challenges ahead of them in different countries and highlighted some main challenges including financial support for the graduates, salary of the physicians and the staff from community sources, and so on. After the implementation of health networks, family physicians are the next biggest reform in health systems, which promises to solve many of the problems of the health system. It is reasonable to expect a variety of economic, social, and cultural problems ahead of the program and failures to overcome. These problems threaten first level of services and the poor’s health. Above all, solving a problem needs developing an accurate insight to the problem. Analyzing the causes and the factors effective on high turnovers of family physicians is the first step to reach a right policy to improve health services nationwide. Methods The study is a descriptive analytical work carried out on the Tehran Province health system in 2012. Given incongruity of the districts under study and sensitivity of the issue, a census was taken in the system and all 100 physicians in the system agreed to participate. No sampling was done in this study and all the study population took part in the survey. Questionnaires were used for gathering the data. These questionnaires were divided into two sections. The first section included the demographic information of those who had took part in the survey. The second section included the questions which showed the unwillingness of the physicians towards the family physician program. The results of these questionnaires were classified into five main axes; 1- economic variables (questions 1-6); 2- work conditions, health, welfare, and educational variables (questions 7-12); 3- systematic-organizational variables (questions 13-18); 4- organizational-administrative variables (questions 19-24); and 5- social and cultural variables (questions 25-30). The questionnaire was designed based on Likert’s five-point scale. The validity of the questionnaires was approved by ten experts. Also, the stability was gained by the Cronbachs alpha coefficient test. The gleaned data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS. Among descriptive statistics frequency, frequency rate, mean, and standard deviation were used. Also in order to survey the independence/dependence of the variables, Chi Square was used as inferential statistics. Results Female and male participants constituted 65% and 35% of the sample group respectively. In addition, 24% of the participants were unmarried and 76% were married. Regarding employment status, 68% had lifetime employment and 32% were employed in the program for a specific time. The average age of the participants was 34 and the youngest and oldest participants were 25 and 54 years old respectively. Moreover, 23% of the participants were at the age range of 25-35, 58% were at the age range of 35-45; and 19% were at the age range of 45-55. Work records also showed that the lowest work experience was 1 year and the highest work experience was 29 years. On average, the participants had 10 years of work experience; 30% less than 19 years, 50% between 10 to 20 years, and 20% between 20 to 30 years. Table 1. distribution and frequency rate of the response Mean point economic, work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems effective on the willingness of the physicians to take part in the family physician program were below the midpoint (Table 2). Table 2. Family physician problem There was a significant negative relationship among economic, welfare, and social-cultural problems. On the other hand, there was a positive and significant relationship between work conditions, health, and structural-organization problems (Table 3). Table 3. correlation among problems of family physicians to take part in the program Discussion The family physician program has aimed to completely implement a referral system in the heath and treatment sector. Among the main advantages of the program are preventing physicians ‘confusion and, more importantly, to improve public satisfaction from health services. This research also minimizes the waste of resources and leads to great economic savings. The early years of implementing the program have been featured with an increase of availability index in different aspects of the family physician program (human resources and preclinical services). Still, the ahead challenges are not deniable. The findings showed that there was a significant relationship between economic, work conditions, health, welfare, structural-organizational, and social-cultural problems on one hand and the physicians’ willingness to participate in the family physician program on the other. This is consistent with Hosseing Fahreji’s study [11] on the family physician program in the Imam Khomeini Charity Committee. A study by Masoodi Asl [12] on the assessment of the satisfaction of the service takers under the Imam Khomeini Charity Committee program showed that 31.25% were satisfied with the program, 51.5% were relatively satisfied, and 10% were relatively dissatisfied; which is inconsistent with the present study. Motlagh (2009) in a study titled â€Å"physician’s satisfaction† on the factors effective on creating dynamism in the family physician program and rural medical insurance indicates that minimum satisfaction level in the medical education universities is with financial problems [13]. Taking into account the findings of the study and significant effect of welfare and financial problems on the physician’s tendency to take part in the program, one may conclude that poor welfare facilities and accommodations for the physicians in the health and treatment network leads to high turnover rates among the physicians. The majority of the physicians only take part in the program for short and temporary terms and to only spend their obligatory service terms. Dieleman et al. also mentioned low salaries and hard work conditions as the reasons for lack of motivation in the health and treatment system [14]. Given that a successful implementation of the family physician program needs public participation and cooperation for different sections, cultural works on all the effective actors is essential. Failure to successfully implement referral to a specialist practitioner plan, poor follow up by the family physicians, and poor public support for the program are the signs of low public participation rates in the program. The reasons of poor cooperation are lack of cultural and public informing measures regarding family physician programs and negative attitudes and distrust in family physicians. Nasrollahpour et al. highlighted resistance among family physicians and specialist practitioners against the family physician program [15]. Professional satisfaction of the family physicians is a key factor in the health system. In addition, professional satisfaction might be related to the quality and effectiveness of the health services provided [16]. On the other hand, probability of attracting new work forces decreases with an increase of professional dissatisfaction among family physicians and replacement applications by the physicians. Payment terms and work conditions are key factors in attracting and keeping skillful physicians [17]. In regards to the causes of dissatisfaction among the family physicians are high workloads, being busy doing supportive works in health centers, lack of welfare, negligence of specific needs of different regions, and lack of proper cultural preparation (the public and specialist physicians are not properly trained). Ebadifardazar et al. [18] found that issues like low salaries, delay in payments, remote work place, long working hours, and no promising future for this national program are the causes of dissatisfaction of family physicians that increases turnover rates. Understaffed work force and high rates of turnover or replacement during the first 5 years of family physician program indicate problems of attracting and keeping general practitioners in the program. Also decreasing the number of service takers assigned to each practitioner, proving decent work conditions, providing welfare facilities to attract physicians and keeping the balance between demand and supply, clarifying health service packs, and providing required equipment and support are the effective factors in attracting and keeping the physicians [19]. Conclusion In conclusion, the results showed that there was a significant relationship between the problems experienced by physicians and their willingness to participate in the family physician program in the health centers located in Tehran. In spite of the fact that satisfactory implementation of the program is the intention of the policy makers, solving the problems participating physicians face and increasing their willingness to participate appears to be an effective approach to improve the outcomes of the program. References Jamshid Beigi M, Mardfar N. Executive performance of family physician program and rural insurance. Tehran: Arvij; 2007. Persian. Ghoharinejh ad S. Health system decentralization on Iran University of Medical Science. Proceeding of 5th National Congress of Healthcare Administration Student, 2007 May 9-12, Iran, Tabriz; P.32. Persian. Rasoulid Nejad S. A survey of referral system in health care service system and ways to improve Isfahan Health system. [Ph.D. Dissertation]. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Research and Science Branch; 1996. Family physicians and referral system in Islamic Republic of Iran, Ministry of Health, Treatment, and Medical Education, Health Department, Summer, 2006. Persian. Ministry of health and medical education. Illustration of health team and family physician services. First ed. Tehran: Arvij Publishers; 2006. Persian. Khayyati F, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Kazemeini H. The role of family physician in case finding, referral, and insurance coverage in the rural areas. Iranian journal of public health. 2011; 40(3): 136. Amado CA, Santos SP. Challenges for performance assessment and improvement in primary health care: the case of the Portuguese health centers. Health Policy. 2009;91(1):43-56. Davoudi S. Introduction to health sector reform. 1st ed. Tehran: Asar-e-Mouaser; 2006. Persian. Ministry of Health and Medical Education. Family physician instructions, 2010. Persian. Kersnik J. An evaluation of patient satisfaction with family practice care in Slovenia. Int J Qual Health Care. 2000;12(2):143-7. Hosseini Fahreji H. Assessment of family physician performance in Yazd Imam Khomeini Charity Committee [M.A. Thesis]. Tehran: Iran University of Medical Sciences; 2004. Persian. Masoudi Asl I. A survey of family physician program from the physicians’ viewpoint in Yasouj Imam Khomeini Charity Committee. [M.A. Thesis]. Tehran: Islamic Azad University; 2002. Persian. Motlagh MI, Pourshirvani N. Doctors consent of dynamic factors affecting the insurance plan and rural family physicians in Gilan University of Medical Sciences. Journal of Guilan University of Medical Sciences. 2004;19:55-48. Persian. Dieleman M, Cuong PV, Anh LV, Martineau T. Identifying factors for job motivation of rural health workers in North Viet Nam. Hum Resour Health. 2003;1(1):10. Nasrollahpour Shirvani D, Ashrafian Amiri H, Motlagh ME, Kabir MJ, Maleki MR, Shabestani Monfared A, et al. Evaluation of the function of referral system in family physician program in Northern provinces of Iran 2008. J Babol Univ Med Sci. 2010;11(6):46-52. Landeck M, Garza C. Utilization of physician health care services in Mexico by US Hispanic border residents. Health marketing quarterly. 2003;20(1):3-16. Abma J C, Chandra A, Mosher WD, Peterson LS, Piccinino LJ. Fertility, family planning, and womens health: new data from the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth. Vital and health statistics. Series 23, Data from the National Survey of Family Growth. 1997;(19):1-14. Mahmoodi A, Kohan M, Azar FE, Solhi M, Rahimi E. The impact of education using Health Belief Model on awareness and attitude of male teachers regarding their participation in family planning. Journal of Jahrom University of Medical Sciences.  2011:9(3):21-8. Persian. Cates W, Karim QA, El-Sadr WM, Haffner DW, Kalema-Zikusoka G, Rogo K, Averill EMD. Family planning and the millennium development goals. Science. 2014;329(5999):1603.

Resources for Food Storage Warehouse Requirements

Warehouse Sanitation Workshop Handbook, by Education Resources Information Center (ERIC) – PDF http://www. eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini. jsp? nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED201821&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED201821 Foreword (pg 31/67)| There is good description of the scope of how they define ‘Food Warehouse’ and differentiate it from Food Manufacturing| II Buildings and Grounds (pg 31 – 32)III Fixtures and Equipment (pg 32)| Can be used for Section 2: Warehouse exterior and surroundings| IV Sanitary Facilities (pg 32-33)V Sanitary Operations (pg 33-34)VI Procedures & Controls – Part I, J, K (pg 35 – 36)| Can be used for Section 8: Hygiene of premises including housekeeping, personal hygiene, pest control and waste disposal| VI Procedures & Controls – Part A to H (pg 34 – 35)| Can be used for Section 7: Safe Handling of Food| VII Personnel (pg 36)| Can be used for Sect ion 11: Appointment of hygiene officers and personnel training| Appendix (pg37-39)| Could be used as our Appendix and Checklist too| 2.Food Safety for Warehousing and Distribution (a training course that comes with a copy of the AIB International Consolidated Standards for Inspection: Food Distribution Centres) https://secure. aibonline. org/php/ecomm-catalog. php? catalogNbr=11-3375 3. Food Establishment Regulations, by Southern Nevada Health District – PDF http://www. southernnevadahealthdistrict. org/food-regulations/index. php Chapter 1 Purpose and DefinitionsChapter 9-1 Definitions| Can be used for Section 1: Definitions| Chapter 2 Management and Personnel Supervision| Can be used for Section 11: Appointment of hygiene officers and personnel training| Chapter 3-305. 11 Food Storage (pg 35/166)Chapter 3-305. 2 Food Storage prohibited areas (pg 36)| Can be used for Section 6: Safe storage conditions of food| Chapter 9-202 General Warehouses| Can be used for Section 3: Ware house structure, design and maintenance| Chapter 9-302 General Warehouses| Can be used for Section 7: Safe handling of food|Chapter 9-302. 17 to . 19| Can be used for Section 8: Hygiene of premises| Chapter 9-302. 20 Transportation| Can be used for Section 9: Transportation requirements| 4. Oregon ODA Food Safety Division http://oregon. gov/ODA/FSD/reg_law_index. shtml Division 25 – Food Establishment Standards and Standards for Retail Food Service Activities http://arcweb. sos. state. or. us/pages/rules/oars_600/oar_603/603_025. tml 603-025-0010 Definitions| Can be used for Section 1: Definitions Definition of Food Storage Warehouse: means any building or place where food is stored as a commercial venture or business, or stored in connection with or as a part of a commercial venture or business, but does not include a home, restaurant, rooming house, hotel or similar place where food is stored to be used or consumed by the owner or served to employees, customers, or guests, nor an establishment licensed by the department under other laws| 603-025-0020 General Standards (1) and (2)| Can be used for Section 2: Warehouse exterior and surroundings| 603-025-0020 General Standards (3) – (8)| Can be used for Section 3: Warehouse structure| 603-025-0020 General Standards (9) – (11)| Can be used for Section 8: Hygiene| 603-025-0020 General Standards (12)| Can be used for Section 11: Personnel| 603-025-0020 General Standards (13),(14),(16)| Can be used for Section 7: Safe handling| 603-025-0020 General Standards (15)| Can be used for Section 9: Transportation requirements| 603-025-0140 Food Storage WarehousesIn addition to the provisions of OAR 603-025-0020, a food storage warehouse shall comply with the following: (1) Cold Storage: Each cold storage room in a food storage warehouse shall be equipped with an accurate and easily visible thermometer with the sensing element at least five feet above the floor. (2) Morgue: The operator of a food storag e warehouse shall provide an area for the accumulation and holding of all damaged foods or foods which are or may be unwholesome. The operator shall maintain a program of timely and proper disposal of damaged or unwholesome foods to prevent development of insanitary conditions or vermin breeding places and rodent harborage.5. Organic Food Federation Storage, Warehouse & Transport Standards (PDF) http://www. orgfoodfed. com/Our%20Standards. htm 6. International Food Safety & Quality Network http://www. ifsqn. com/ http://www. ifsqn. om/brc-storage-and-distribution-quality-management-system-p-94. html 7. Wholesale Food Warehouse Risk Control Plan Workbook (PDF) sandiegohealth. org/food/wholesale_workbook. pdfSimilar Chapter III Food Storage Procedures| Can be used for Section 6: Safe storageCan be used for Section 7: Safe handling| Chapter IV Receiving, Transportation| Can be used for Section 9: Transportation requirements| Chapter V Food Security| Can be used for Section 11: Personnel| Chapter VI RecallChapter VII Traceback| Can be used for Section 13: Recall| Chapter X Pest Control| Can be used for Section 8: Hygiene| Sample Self-Inspection Form (pg 64/74)| Can be used as Appendix|

Case Study on East Meets West: Business Joint Ventures Essay

* Why would a joint venture partner from a planned economy have difficulty understanding that the consumer is king or queen? Answer: Every economy has its own characteristics as both good and bad as well. In any economy, there are rules and regulations fortified in the manner to help the citizens and so that the businesses can get enough revenue from their customers. As we see in today’s world, we can see that only the open economies are getting through the international competition and sustaining in the long run of multitasking operations. As in a planned economy like Soviet Union, Marxism-Lenism had some limitations too. Usually there are not many competitors and whosoever the businesses are; the procedures are controlled directly by the govt. The businesses started to think that customers will have to buy whatever they offer because they have not much of alternative choices. Maybe that can be alright for their country but not sustainable for any other country in this world. On an open economy, businesses understand, they have to satisfy the customers only and customers have a set of choices and alternatives available in the market. If their business can’t offer something much superior or different, there revenues will suffer. That’s why, because of the understanding of the business, they treat their customer as kings or queens. * Could a small business owner tolerate a business deal that had little probability of being profitable within the first 10 years? Answer: Small business owner doesn’t mean the entrepreneur doesn’t have any other businesses or way of earning. But if the business is only the way, of course no one will be able to tolerate this kind of business deal. Usually these kinds of deals are inevitable in industries like real estate, long term investment firms etc. There are not much information here about a planned economy right here and we can’t see how much they appreciated the FDIs is in their land. But in an open economy like most of the economies of this world, there have to be revenues actually. The businesses will have to pay their costs and maintain their operations running at any cause. At least their have to be sales enough to maintain both the variable and fixed costs of the business, If there are not much of profits, the business won’t have to pay much tax rate but if there are loans and financial debts, they will have to pay a certain percentage of their profits and if the forecasted profit s are not enough to pay, eventually they won’t get any kind financial help from any financial institution. As 10 years is a long time to build brand equity to the customers in an open economy, any one of the ventures can be impatient and break the deal. At any cost, maybe not for two years, or 3 years, the profit must come then enough to occupy the market and satisfy the contractors. Usually, for the first years of a business firm, they invest in getting brad equity and setting up customer loyalty and also in understanding the consumer behavior in their current operations. But this is brand management in their long term investment. But eventually, in joint ventures any one of the parties are sustainable and able to run their operations and known to be at least a provider of a certain group of customers. Profits may not come to be a point in these areas of generation but when the venture is formed and ready to serve the market, after calculating the time to build a level a brand equity and CRM, they must obtain profit to run their business enthusiasm. Even of there are big business owners. I suspect if they will be able to deal with such improbability. * Why have few Americans been willing to enter into joint ventures with Soviet partners today? Answer: As the situation provided is due to the environment in mid-1991, there are certain points to consider. We know that, in mid-1991, the recession of US was ended. Thus many companies who was facing a huge amount of loss got their heads up and start their operations again. In the 1990s, Gorbachev’s policy of perestroika offered the people little in substantive, near-term economic improvement, and his policies of demokratizatsiia resulted in rapidly raising their expectations while lessening the regime’s controls over society. As a result, in mid-1991 the Soviet Union appeared to be a disintegrating federation with a collapsing economy and a despairing, confused society. In August 1991, Bush and Gorbachev signed the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, which required the United States and the Soviet Union to cut their nuclear weapons within seven years so that each side would have only 4,900 ballistic missile nuclear warheads as part of a total of 6,000 warheads. The two countr ies had been engaged in the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) since 1982. In another collaborative effort, the Soviet Union voted with the United States and an international coalition of nations to oppose the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq, a nation that had been the recipient of substantial amounts of Soviet military advice, equipment, and weapons. There has been a lot of changes in USA and Soviet Union constitutions on that time, maybe the destruction of weapons and an urge of being able to dominate each other’s economy, they came close to get to business relationships. Both of them were two of the most powerful part of the world and maybe one of them was trying to dominate the other but these are political overlooks. The business point of view strategizes the collapse of socialism in Soviet Union and because to the law changes in the field of business policy, there could be alliance powerful enough to understand the multinational consumer behavior of the other countries. Maybe those are the reasons why there has been so much eagerness of these countries to come close in professional relationships and diplomacy. References: 1. Soviet Union, Country Data, http://www.country-data.com/cgi-bin/query/r-12406.html 2. Business for the 21st century by Steven J Skinner and John M. Ivancevich.2003.

A Comprehensive Guide to Getting Different Types of Retail Jobs

A Comprehensive Guide to Getting Different Types of Retail Jobs if you’ve ever worked in retail, you know how challenging it can be. we live in a consumer-centric society, and dealing with consumers can be†¦well†¦not fun. but if you’re on the front lines in stores and customer service, you have some of the most versatile skills around: handling payment and conducting transactions, selling products, and dealing with people of all stripes. it’s a field that calls for odd hours (and possibly thanksgivings spent watching people tussle over discounted tvs), and it’s not the highest-paying field. but it pays the bills, and it happens to be the most common job in the united states. basically, wherever there are people buying things, there are retail employees there to help facilitate those sales, and provide a good customer experience. if you’re interested in different retail jobs, let’s take a look at some of the  opportunities  out there in this crucial service industry.1. retail salesperson2. cu stomer service representative3. retail sales manager4. merchandise displayers and window trimmers5. stock clerk6. cashierretail salespersonthe job: as a salesperson, you’re the front lines in the retail war. you are likely responsible for selling merchandise in a large or small store, helping customers, processing payments, and providing direct customer service.the skills: in your job as a retail salesperson, these skills will serve you well.people skillscommunication skillscomputer skills (especially point-of-sale, or pos, systems)organizational skillsbasic math/financial skillsteam player skillsproblem solving skillsenergy and enthusiasmbeing detail-orientedtrustworthinessthe requirements: there’s no formal education or training for a retail salesperson, though some employers may require a high school diploma. stores typically provide on-the-job training for new employees, and some may have a probationary period while the employee is training.the pay: the median hour ly pay for retail salespeople is $10.60, and the median annual salary is $22,040. jobs may be full-time, part-time, seasonal, or contract (temporary) positions. per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics, about 1 in 3 retail salespeople worked part-time in 2014.the outlook: retail is a very solid bet: there are approximately 5 million retail salesperson positions out there in the u.s., and the field is expected to grow about 7% by 2024. the demand for more retail salespeople is a pretty continuous one.customer service representativethe job: as a customer service rep, you’re often in charge of damage control, working with customers to improve (or redeem) their experience with your store. you are likely responsible for fielding customer queries and complaints, providing information, processing or changing orders, handling transactions, and ensuring a good customer experience. customer service representatives can be found in just about any industry that provides goods or services.t he skills: as a customer service representative in retail, you’ll need skills like the following:people skillscommunication skillscomputer skills (especially pos systems)organizational skillsbasic math/financial skillsteam player skillsproblem solving skillsenergy and enthusiasmbeing detail-orientedtrustworthinessthe requirements: there’s no formal education or training for retail customer service representatives, though a high school diploma (or equivalent) is typically required. stores usually provide on-the-job training for new employees, making this a good entry-level option.the pay: the median hourly pay for retail customer service representatives is $15.25, and the median annual salary is $31,720. jobs may be full-time or part-time. per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics, about 1 in 5 customer service representatives worked part-time in 2014.the outlook: this is a fast-growing field, as retail expands via traditional stores and e-commerce. the u.s. bureau of lab or statistics predicts that demand for customer service representatives of all kinds will grow by at least 10% by 2024.retail sales managerthe job: as a retail sales manager, you supervise and coordinate retail salespeople and associates. in addition to supervising employees, you may also be responsible for customer service and administrative functions like purchasing, budgeting, merchandising, accounting, and personnel management.the skills: as you work your way up the chain as a manager, you’ll need these skills.leadership/management skillspeople skillscommunication skillscomputer skills (especially pos systems)organizational skillsstrong math and financial skillsteam player skillsproblem solving skillsenergy and enthusiasmbeing detail-orientedtrustworthinessthe requirements: there are no formal educational requirements to be a retail sales manager, but you will need retail experience, as well as strong management and organizational skills. this is a job that calls for the ability to keep the ship steady in any storm, so the more experience and demonstrable skills you bring, the better.the pay: the median hourly pay for retail sales managers is $20.63, and the median annual salary is $42,900. retail management roles are typically full-time positions.the outlook: as with most retail positions, the demand for managers will remain steady. there are currently about 1.5 million retail sales managers in the u.s.merchandise displayers and window trimmersthe job: as a merchandise displayer/window trimmer, you’re responsible for planning and creating appealing displays of goods and products to attract customers and entice them to buy. if your favorite part of school projects was making dioramas, this may be the retail path for you.the skills: these skills will serve you well as a merchandise displayer/window trimmer:creativitycommunication skillsorganizational skillsteam player skillsproblem solving skillsenergy and enthusiasmbeing detail-orientedthe re quirements: a high school diploma is usually required for this kind of position, and vocational training is usually seen as a plus in hiring. previous experience is also a plus, but not necessarily required. on-the-job training is often available for new employees.the pay: the median hourly pay for merchandise displayers is $14.32, and the median annual salary is $29,790. jobs may be full-time, part-time, or on a contract basis.the outlook: merchandise displayers/window trimmer positions are expected to keep pace with overall retail growth by 2024.stock clerkthe job: if you’re a stock clerk, you can probably save some money on that gym membership- you’re the brawn of the operation, often working behind the scenes to make sure everything runs smoothly. stock clerks receive inventory and move it as necessary, checking for damage, record keeping, and working with in-store computer systems. you may be responsible for filling shelves, tracking inventory, and set up sales di splays as well.the skills: as a stock clerk, these are the skills that will help get you in the door.people skillscomputer skillsorganizational skillsteam player skillsproblem solving skillsenergy and enthusiasmbeing detail-orientedcustomer service skillsthe requirements: there’s no formal education or training for retail stock clerks, though a high school diploma (or equivalent) is typically required. stores usually provide on-the-job training for new employees, making this a good entry-level option for those interested in retail and strong enough to move heavy objects and stay on your feet for periods of time.the pay: the median hourly pay for stock clerks is $12.47, and the median annual salary is $25,940. jobs may be full-time or part-time. per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics, about 1 in 5 customer service representatives worked part-time in 2014.the outlook: the number of stock clerks is likely to stay relatively flat, per the u.s. bureau of labor statistics, but ità ¢â‚¬â„¢s a field with a strong amount of turnover, so job openings are fairly consistent.cashierthe job: as a cashier, you’re holding a lot of power- the money- in your hands. as a front-line customer serviceperson, you’re responsible for handling customer purchases, working with payment systems, and maintaining scrupulously accurate transactions.the skills: as a cashier, you’ll need these skills:people skillscommunication skillscustomer service skillscomputer skills (especially pos systems)organizational skillsbasic math/financial skillsteam player skillsproblem solving skillsenergy and enthusiasmbeing detail-orientedtrustworthinessthe requirements: if you’re just starting out or need a job with little prior experience in retail, cashiering is a good option. employers may require a high school diploma (or equivalent), but there’s no specific educational requirement for retail cashiers, making this a good entry-level option. trustworthiness and acc uracy are key, so those are skills that you really want to emphasize as a prerequisite to working as a cashier. stores typically provide on-the-job training for new cashiers.the pay: the median hourly pay for cashiers is $9.18, and the median annual salary is $19,310. jobs may be full-time or part-time.the outlook: because of advances in automated checkouts and online sales, the outlook for cashiers is a little slower than most retail positions: about 2%, according to the u.s. bureau of labor statistics.